system usability scale comparison

Both Table 1 (end of the article) and Figure 1 include the remaining six adjectives and their corresponding SUS score. We alternated the items in order to avoid response biases, especially as the questionnaire invites rapid responses by being short; by alternating positive and negative statements, our goal was to have respondents read each statement and make an effort to think whether they agreed or disagreed with it. One measures the “learnability” of a system, while the rest of the scale measures the overall “usability” of the system. It consists of a 10 item questionnaire with five response options for respondents; from Strongly agree to Strongly disagree. Research has shown it can reliably measure "overall . What is System Usability Scale? If we were to define how we would measure the usability of SUS itself, we need to take this context into account and define usability accordingly: Although SUS was intended to be “quick and dirty” that refers only to its use; it was constructed with care. The factor structure of the system usability scale. The regression equations will work best for moderate values of SUS (in the grade range of D to A). To make any measure more meaningful, including the SUS, it needs to be compared to something. Original System Usability Scale, also known by its abbreviation as SUS was developed by John Brooke in 1986, it allows you to evaluate a wide variety of products and services, including hardware, software, mobile devices and websites. Some more recent research is suggesting “Fair” may be a better adjective than “OK,” which connotes an acceptable experience (when it is at best marginal). The Human Factors laboratory was also a fixture on customer tours of the engineering facility in Reading, even when they weren’t users of any of the products we were evaluating in the laboratory. The System Usability Scale is a post-test questionnaire containing 10 different questions that address the usability and learnability of a system. Twenty people from the office systems engineering group, with occupations ranging from secretary to systems programmer then rated the strength of their agreement with all 50 potential questionnaire statements for both systems on a 5-point scale ranging from “strongly agree” to “strongly disagree.”. This was a marketing strategy within DEC, rather than anything scientific. . The UMUX Questionnaire is an ideal length. SUS SystemUsability Scale explanationexampleshow-to guidecombinationevaluationmore infos SUS System Usability Scale Explanation The System Usability Scale (SUS) is a method for giving "grades" to UX Created in 1986 by John Brooke as a quick UX test on "Green-Screen" terminals, SUS has become an industry standard for evaluating UX. usability of EHR systems is probably the key factor in making the design of the system fit healthcare providers' workflow and display patient information clearly. Burlington, MA: Morgan Kaufmann. ), Human Centered Design, HCII 2009 (pp. The coefficients of determination (R2) shown in Table 2 correlate highly with the widths of the confidence intervals, r(8) = -0.93; p < .01. As noted above, using a scoring system ranging from 0 to 100 often leads to researchers interpreting SUS scores as percentages, which they are not. As pointed out above, the original context of use for SUS was with DEC’s UK customers. A review of the SUS literature on published benchmarks for the means of overall SUS scores from usability studies/surveys provides guidance on selecting an appropriate value of SUS to use when setting item benchmarks. Unlike the previous example, because the corresponding SUS benchmark is not 68 or 80, the practitioner needs to use the regression equation provided in Table 2 to set the benchmark for Item 7, which will be ≥ 3.39 (SUS07 = 0.9706981 + 0.04027653(60) = 3.39). Comparison of System Usability Scale (SUS) Scores for 2014 and 2015 Certified Products by Vendor View Large Download Vendor-reported electronic health record (EHR) SUS scores for 2014 and 2015 certified products are compared with average benchmark (dotted line) and above-average benchmark (solid line) SUS scores. Perhaps not, but as we will see later, subjective assessments of satisfaction are relevant to whether users are more likely to recommend the use of a system to others. Other work by Sauro and Lewis (2009) suggested that, although SUS was originally intended to yield just a single score indicating overall perceived usability of a system, factor analysis indicates that it incorporates two scales. Brooke, J. At the end of each session, participants evaluated usability and cognitive workload of the system. Peres, S. C., Pham, T., & Phillips, R. (2013). On average, the SUS explains between 30% and 50% of the variation in users’ likelihood to recommend. As our methods matured, however, we addressed some of the restrictions on our samples of users by packing up a portable version of the equipment, sans one-way mirrors, and taking the laboratory out to customer sites in the US and Europe to do similar exercises in a variety of different contexts3, including looking at internationalized versions of the products. Bangor, A., Kortum, P. T., & Miller, J. T. (2009). The average score (at the 50th percentile) is 68. For other experience levels or unusual measurement contexts, you will need to use the regression equations. For Thus, removing any one of the SUS items does not have a practically significant effect on the resulting scores, as long as the appropriate adjustment is made to the multiplier (specifically, multiply the sum of the adjusted item scores by 100/36 instead of the standard 100/40, or 2.5, to compensate for the dropped item). Kirakowski, J., Claridge, N., & Whitehand, R. (1998, June 5). Finally, if there isn’t a relevant questionnaire for your situation, you can devise one. Note: Item 8 shows “awkward” in place of the original “cumbersome.”. Results. Raw SUS scores can be converted into percentile ranks. We restricted the data set to studies/surveys that used a version of the standard SUS. Correlations among prototypical usability metrics: Evidence for the construct of usability. user-centered systems. The System Usability Scale (SUS) is a simple, ten-item scale giving a global view of subjective assessments of usability. Some commercial applications of SUS provide that capability. Percentiles are the same approach pediatricians use to tell whether an infant is over or underweight. Here are the results: SUS 47.5 of 100. The efforts of all those people who picked it up and did all of their work quite independently of me have provided additional evidence that it’s a tool worth using and probably has many more years of valuable life left in it. Percentile ranks tell you how well your raw score compares to others in the database. The overall evaluation of usability, which was based on the System Usability Scale, showed that the Sample Locator, with a mean System Usability Scale score of 77.03 (SD 20.62), was significantly superior to the other two tools (Wilcoxon test; Sample Locator vs i2b2: P=.047; Sample Locator vs ATLAS: P=.001). As in the previous example, the practitioner decides to use this item rather than creating a new version. Brooke’s (1996) caution against examining scores for the individual items of the SUS was appropriate at the time. (Interestingly, though, these scores differ from those given after somebody has been using a system for a slightly longer period of time, say, 10 minutes; the reasons for this are not clear. For the reasons pointed out above, this can never be the whole story, but it will at least give some insight into people’s perceptions of different systems. Lewis, J. R., & Sauro, J. Usability testing can be used to quantify usability. It has been incorporated into commercial usability evaluation toolkits such as Morae, and I have recently seen several publications refer to it as an “industry standard”—although it has never been through any formal standardization process. The 10 SUS items were selected from an initial pool of 50 potential items, based on the responses of 20 people who used the full set of items to rate two software systems, one of which was known to be relatively easy to use and the other relatively difficult. business needs. SUS was intended to address exactly that need. This method is not perfect, but can be very useful. The published grading scales for the SUS (Bangor et al., 2008; Sauro & Lewis, 2016) are appropriate for assessing the SUS (overall and by item) against the broad canvass of a wide variety of products and their associated user experiences. By the end of the book, readers will have the knowledge and skills they need to conduct their own usability assessments without requiring that they read textbooks or attend workshops.This book will be valuable for undergraduate and graduate ... This and many other posts are also available as a pretty, well-behaved ebook: On Web Development. We expect these models to be of value to usability and user experience practitioners who use the SUS. The study's primary objective was to provide DOE project managers with a basic understanding of both the project owner's risk management role and effective oversight of those risk management activities delegated to contractors. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 31, 518–529. 189–194). In this study, eight different usability studies were used to make a direct comparison between the SUS and usability results. The System Usability Scale (SUS) provides a "quick and dirty", reliable tool for measuring the usability. Usability is defined by the quality of the user experience (UX) when it comes to confident using a product or a system. Eventually, about a decade after I first created it, I contributed a chapter describing SUS to a book on usability engineering in industry (Brooke, 1996). The scale contains adjectives including “Good,” “OK,” and “Poor”—words users loosely associate with the usability of a product. Subjective assessments of usability are only one component of the overall construct of usability. A comparison of hierarchically paged and scrolling displays for fault finding. What is the difference between these . perceived by team members as being greater than on a smaller scale—not that it makes any difference when it came to actual analysis.). Miller, 2009, This article serves as an introduction to the symposium. Found inside – Page 230Pair-wise comparison of individual SUS questions (see Table 5) revealed that respondents were significantly more inclined to frequently use the gamified survey (2.81 ± 0.75), compared to the conventional version (1.16 ± 1.02). In the mid-1980s, however, there were very few standard tools around for doing that; it took quite a while for standards to emerge so that a spreadsheet could be used without it being tied to a particular piece of software. Measuring perceived usability: The SUS, UMUX-LITE, and AltUsability. Comparing a Satisfaction Score to a Benchmark Post-test questionnaires like the System Usability Scale (SUS) are popular for both lab-based and unmoderated usability tests as they provide some idea about what users think about the usability of the product or website tested. Kortum, P., & Bangor, A. The System Usability Scale (SUS) is an inexpensive, yet effective tool for assessing the usability of a product, including Web sites, cell phones, interactive voice response systems, TV applications, and more. 1609–1618). The scale ranges from "Strongly Disagree" - 1 to "Strongly agree" - 5. advanced development of Promoters score 9 and 10; passives, 7 and 8; and detractors, 6 and below. A mixed method of feature comparison and a System Usability Scale (SUS) evaluation based on 388 participants was applied; the higher the SUS score, the better the usability of the product. Lewis, J. R., Brown, J., & Mayes, D.K. In addition, where systems were going through incremental development, and where early versions already had a reputation for not being well liked, it was important to be able to demonstrate that there were measurable improvements between one version and another, because each software release involved major expenditure on the part of the vendor. A raw SUS of 52 falls at the 15th percentile (scoring worse than 85% of the scores in the database). These may or may not be the same as the appropriate benchmarks for a more narrowly defined set of competitive products. Found inside – Page 453.2 The Questionnaire In order to measure perceived usability and task load, we used the System Usability Scale (SUS) [10 ... where previous industry comparisons have shown that average system usability would lie between 60 and 80 [5]. have also confirmed that rather than using the term “system” using other terms such as “product,” “application,” or “website” does not change the results. Zviran, M., Glezer, C., & Avni, I. The System Usability Scale Questionnaire consists of 10 general statements on a 5-point Likert scale. If you have a current benchmark for the SUS, you can use the information in Table 2 to extend that benchmark to one or more SUS items. SUS is a low expense usability scale which can be employed for the assessment of interactive systems. Borsci, Federici, and Lauriola (2009) independently confirmed the two factor structure of SUS, also showing that those factors (usability and learnability) are correlated. Sauro (2011) reported that other unofficial translations into Spanish, French, and Dutch have been made8 and that, working with a Dutch research team, a translated version was shown to have similar internal reliability to the original English version. Truth to tell, this was not a very exciting system from a user interface design point of view, having a menu interface on VT100 terminals. It’s a 10-item questionnaire scored on a 101-point scale and provides a measure of a user’s perception of the usability of a “system.”. Found inside – Page 201Mitchell, S.M., Seaman, C.B.: A comparison of software cost, duration, and quality for waterfall versus iterative ... Sasmito, G.W., Zulfiqar, L.O.M., Nishom, M.: Usability testing based on system usability scale and net promoter score. The System Usability Scale (SUS) was invented by John Brooke who, in 1986, created this 'quick and dirty' usability scale to evaluate practically any kind of system. Kortum, and J.T. (1985). Designing and Developing a Learning Analytics. Found inside – Page 824.1.1 Analysis – Debugging Tasks To compare differences in the debugging tasks, a paired sample t-test was used; ... System Usability Scale The arithmetic mean and standard deviation for the score on the system usability scale was ... comparison across multiple products. Found inside – Page 358Researchers will take notes on any usability issues that may arise during the test. System Usability Scale, which has been shown to provide superior assessments of web usability in comparison to other evaluation methods [32] will be ... Back in the mid-1980s I set up a usability engineering program for DEC’s Integrated Office Systems Group (IOSG) in Reading, UK. In the spirit of a relative (as opposed to an absolute) approach to grading, Sauro and Lewis (2016—based on an analysis first presented in Sauro, 2011) used data from 241 industrial usability studies and surveys to create a curved grading scale in which a SUS score of 68 is at the center of the range for a “C.” In a typical curved grading scale, the 50th percentile (median) corresponds to the center of the range for an average grade (C). The System Usability Scale, or SUS, was created in 1986 by John Brooke and has been used extensively by a variety of industries to test numerous applications and systems. This study investigated the differences between a modified version of the traditional ranking format (MTF) and a novel ranking format called the BINS format. This proved to be an extremely simple and reliable tool for use when doing usability evaluations, and I decided, with the . Santa Monica, CA: HFES. Denver, CO: Create Space Publishing. To understand how your product compares to others, you need to look at its percentile ranking. Paper presented at the Usability Professionals Association Annual Conference, June. So, historically, when SUS was first constructed, it was a generally good practice to alternate positive and negative items; if I was starting out again, I might do things differently. For example, if a practitioner is interested in interpreting Item 3, “I thought the system was easy to use,” then a mean score of 3.67 would correspond to a SUS score of 68 (an average overall system score). They also found significant concurrent validity with a single 7-point rating of user friendliness (. Abstract. developing innovative Usability practitioners have several choices when it comes to selecting a usability questionnaire. For the current research, this means that there is no need to deal with nine-item variants of the SUS because there is no practical difference between the scores of any nine-item variant and the full SUS. through videorecorded observation and the administration of - system usability scale (SUS) and NASA the Task Load Index (TLX). Measuring Usability with the System Usability Scale (SUS) It is the 25th anniversary of the creation of the most used questionnaire for measuring perceptions of usability. In addition to its use as a post-test questionnaire for the assessment of perceived usability, the SUS is also useful for the retrospective evaluation of products and services (Grier, Bangor, Kortum, & Peres, 2013). Essentials of Cross-Battery Assessment, Third Edition is updated to include the latest editions of cognitive ability test batteries , such as the WISC-IV, WAIS-IV, and WJ III COG, and special purpose cognitive tests including the WMS-IV and ... The correlation is negative because the poorer the fit of the model, the wider the interval. Longer than the Single Ease Questionnaire. On another occasion a colleague and I, on our way back from another evaluation we had done in Germany, spent the best part of a day twiddling our thumbs while customs officers rummaged through the equipment we were carrying, looking to see if we had technology that breached export control regulations—this was in the days before more open borders, Germany had not yet been re-united, and we were in the last stages of the Cold War. Let me explain how we developed the scoring strategy. Usability is often named as one of the crucial requirements for an eHealth technology. For consistency with an above average SUS score of 80, the corresponding target for Item 3 would be an average score of at least 4.24. Do not alter the order or the wording of the SUS questions if you want to compare your score with the scores collected from other designs. Taking the human factors lab on the road to the USA didn’t surface any problems with the language. For items 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 (the positively worded items) the score contribution is the scale position minus 1. We recommend most users start with the System Usability Scale (SUS+) template that is available in the Templates gallery (under the All templates category). SUS is reliable. For negatively-worded items (even numbers), the score contribution is 5 minus the scale position. Found inside – Page 310SUS, see System Usability Scale System Usability Scale (SUS), 85,90, 111, 152, 153, 154 Systematic random sampling, 26 ... 96 Top-2-box score, rating scale analysis, 141–146 test design comparisons, 172–173 task time data analysis, 138 ... The analysis results in a list of potential usability issues. SUS scores did not appear to be significantly affected even when the even items were rewritten with a positive tone (Sauro & Lewis, 2011). If the target value is outside of the confidence interval and in the desired direction (which is different for the odd and even SUS items), then you have compelling evidence at that level of confidence that you have achieved your goal (for details on comparing observed data to benchmarks, see Sauro & Lewis, 2016, Chapter 4). 1This approach had been pioneered within DEC by John Whiteside and others in the Software Usability Engineering Group based in Nashua, New Hampshire, and by Charles Abernethy’s Human Factors Group in Maynard, Massachusetts. System Usability Scale, SUS, targets, benchmarks. (2009). Building on the idea of using words instead of numbers to describe an experience, Bangor et al. associated 1,000 SUS scores with a 7-point adjective scale. Of these different dimensions of usability, it is almost always going to be the case that if you are concerned with effectiveness and efficiency, it is going to be difficult to compare two systems that have different purposes and which operate in different ways. Several datasets are fostering innovation in higher-level functions for everyone, everywhere.
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